Karfe zagaye
Ƙarfe mai zagaye yana nufin ƙaƙƙarfan tsiri na ƙarfe tare da sashin giciye madauwari.An bayyana ƙayyadaddun bayanansa a diamita, a cikin millimeters (mm), kamar "50mm" yana nufin karfe mai zagaye da diamita na 50 mm.
Karfe zagaye ya kasu kashi uku: nadi mai zafi, na jabu da sanyi.Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun nau'in karfe mai zafi mai zafi shine 5.5-250 mm.Daga cikin su: 5.5-25 mm ƙananan karfe zagaye yawanci ana ba da su a cikin daure na madaidaiciya, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su azaman sandunan ƙarfe, kusoshi da sassa daban-daban na inji;zagaye karfe ya fi girma fiye da 25 mm aka yafi amfani da masana'anta inji sassa da tube blanks na sumul karfe bututu jira.
Rarraba mashaya zagaye
1.Rarraba ta hanyar sinadaran sinadaran
Carbon karfe za a iya raba low carbon karfe, matsakaici carbon karfe da high carbon karfe bisa ga sinadaran abun da ke ciki (wato, carbon abun ciki).
(1) Karfe mai laushi
Hakanan aka sani da ƙarfe mai laushi, abun cikin carbon yana daga 0.10% zuwa 0.30%.Low carbon karfe yana da sauƙi don karɓar nau'o'in sarrafawa daban-daban kamar ƙirƙira, walda da yanke, kuma galibi ana amfani dashi don yin sarƙoƙi, rivets, kusoshi, shafts, da sauransu.
(2) Matsakaicin carbon karfe
Carbon karfe tare da abun ciki na carbon na 0.25% zuwa 0.60%.Akwai kashe karfe, karfen da aka kashe, karfen tafasa da sauran kayayyaki.Baya ga carbon, kuma yana iya ƙunsar ƙaramin adadin manganese (0.70% zuwa 1.20%).Dangane da ingancin samfurin, an kasu kashi na yau da kullun carbon tsarin karfe da babban ingancin carbon tsarin karfe.Kyakkyawan aiki na thermal da yanke aikin, rashin aikin walda mara kyau.Ƙarfi da taurin sun fi girma fiye da ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon, amma filastik da taurin sun kasance ƙasa da ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon.Ana iya amfani da kayan da aka zana da zafi da sanyi kai tsaye ba tare da maganin zafi ba, ko bayan maganin zafi.Medium carbon karfe bayan quenching da tempering yana da kyau m inji Properties.Mafi girman taurin da za'a iya samu shine kusan HRC55 (HB538), kuma σb shine 600-1100MPa.Saboda haka, a daban-daban amfani da matsakaici ƙarfi matakin, matsakaici carbon karfe ne mafi yadu amfani.Baya ga amfani da shi azaman kayan gini, ana kuma amfani da shi sosai wajen kera sassa daban-daban na inji.
(3) Babban karfen carbon
Sau da yawa ana kiransa karfen kayan aiki, abun cikin carbon yana daga 0.60% zuwa 1.70%, kuma ana iya taurare kuma yana da zafi.Hammers, crowbars, da dai sauransu an yi su ne da karfe tare da abun ciki na carbon na 0.75%;kayan aikin yankan irin su drills, taps, reamers, da dai sauransu an yi su da karfe tare da abun ciki na carbon na 0.90% zuwa 1.00%.
2.Rarraba ta ingancin karfe
Dangane da ingancin karfe, ana iya raba shi zuwa karfen carbon na yau da kullun da babban ingancin carbon karfe.
(1) Karfe tsarin tsarin carbon na yau da kullun, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙarfe na carbon na yau da kullun, yana da hani mai faɗi akan abun cikin carbon, kewayon aiki, da abun ciki na phosphorus, sulfur da sauran abubuwan da suka rage.A kasar Sin da wasu kasashe, an kasu kashi uku bisa ga sharudan garanti na bayarwa: Karfe A Class A (Karfe A) karfe ne mai garantin kayan inji.Class B karfe (Class B karfe) karfe ne tare da tabbacin abun da ke ciki.Karfe na musamman (Karfe-nau'in C) ƙarfe ne wanda ke ba da tabbacin kaddarorin injina da abun da ke tattare da sinadarai, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi don kera wasu mahimman sassa na tsarin.A halin yanzu kasar Sin tana samarwa kuma tana amfani da mafi yawan karfen A3 (Class A No. 3 karfe) tare da abun ciki na carbon kusan 0.20%, wanda aka fi amfani dashi don tsarin injiniya.
Wasu karafa na tsarin carbon kuma suna ƙara adadin aluminium ko niobium (ko wasu abubuwa masu ƙirƙirar carbide) don samar da nitrides ko barbashi na carbide don iyakance haɓakar hatsi.Don ƙarin ilimin CNC, bincika asusun jama'a "koyarwar shirye-shiryen NC" akan WeChat, Ƙarfafa ƙarfe da adana ƙarfe.A kasar Sin da wasu kasashe, domin saduwa da musamman bukatun na sana'a karfe, da sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma kaddarorin talakawa carbon tsarin karfe da aka gyara, ta haka ne tasowa jerin sana'a karfe na talakawa carbon tsarin karfe (kamar gadoji, gine-gine). Karfe sanduna, karfe don matsa lamba, da dai sauransu).
(2) Idan aka kwatanta da talakawa carbon tsarin karfe, high quality-carbon tsarin karfe yana da ƙananan abun ciki na sulfur, phosphorus da sauran wadanda ba karfe inclusions.Dangane da daban-daban abun ciki na carbon da amfani, irin wannan ƙarfe na iya zama kusan kashi uku:
① Kasa da 0.25% C shine ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon, musamman 08F da 08Al tare da abun ciki na carbon da ke ƙasa da 0.10%, ana amfani da su sosai azaman sassa mai zurfi kamar motoci da gwangwani saboda kyakkyawan zurfin iyawa da weldability…… jira .20G shine babban abu don yin tukunyar jirgi na yau da kullun.Bugu da kari, low carbon karfe ne kuma yadu amfani da carburizing karfe masana'antu.
②0.25 ~ 0.60% C ne matsakaici carbon karfe, wanda aka mafi yawa amfani a cikin quenched da tempered jihar yin sassa a cikin inji masana'antu masana'antu.
③ Fiye da 0.6% C shine babban ƙarfe na carbon, wanda galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin kera maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, gears, rolls, da sauransu. Dangane da abun ciki na manganese daban-daban, ana iya raba shi zuwa ƙungiyoyin ƙarfe guda biyu tare da abun cikin manganese na yau da kullun (0.25-0.8). %) da babban abun ciki na manganese (0.7-1.0% da 0.9-1.2%).Manganese na iya inganta taurin ƙarfe, ƙarfafa ferrite, da haɓaka ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, ƙarfin juriya da juriya na ƙarfe.Yawancin lokaci, ana ƙara alamar "Mn" bayan darajar karfe tare da babban abun ciki na manganese, kamar 15Mn da 20Mn, don bambanta shi da carbon karfe tare da abun ciki na manganese na yau da kullum.
3.Rarraba ta manufa
Bisa ga aikace-aikace, shi za a iya raba carbon tsarin karfe da carbon kayan aiki karfe.
Kayan aikin Carbon Karfe Abubuwan da ke cikin carbon yana tsakanin 0.65 da 1.35%.Bayan maganin zafi, za'a iya samun ƙarfin ƙarfi da juriya mai girma.Ana amfani da shi musamman don kera kayan aiki daban-daban, kayan aikin yankan, gyare-gyare da kayan aunawa (duba karfen kayan aiki).
Carbon tsarin karfe an kasu kashi 5 maki bisa ga yawan amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi na karfe:
Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275
An raba kowace alama zuwa maki A, B, C, da D saboda inganci daban-daban.Akwai nau'o'i hudu mafi yawa, wasu kuma suna da daya kawai;Bugu da kari, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin hanyar deoxidation na narkewar karfe.
Hanyar Deoxygenation Alamar:
F - karfe mai tafasa
b—- karfen da aka kashe rabin-kashe
Z——karfe da aka kashe
TZ-- karfen da aka kashe na musamman
Material na zagaye karfe: Q195, Q235, 10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, Q215, Q235, Q345, 12Cr1Mov, 15CrMo, 304, 316, 20Cr, 40Cr, 205Cr, 35CrMor 15, 65mn , 50Mn, 50Cr, 3Cr2W8V, 20CrMnTi, 5CrMnMo, da dai sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-05-2023